Which outcome is associated with thyroid hormone activity on metabolism?

Which outcome is associated with thyroid hormone activity on metabolism?

• A. Decrease basal metabolic rate, heat production, and energy expenditure.
• B. No change in basal metabolic rate, heat production, or energy expenditure.
• C. Increase energy expenditure only.
• D. Increase basal metabolic rate, heat production, and energy expenditure.

Answer: (D)

Thyroid hormones raise metabolic rate across tissues. They act by increasing the transcription of genes involved in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism and by boosting mitochondrial activity and Na+/K+ ATPase function. This combination drives a higher rate of energy use at rest (basal metabolic rate), more heat production (thermogenesis), and greater overall energy expenditure. Clinically, when thyroid activity is high, you see signs of a faster metabolism, such as weight loss and heat intolerance, which fits the idea of increased BMR, heat production, and energy expenditure. The other patterns—decreased metabolism or only one component—inaccurately describe the broad stimulatory effect thyroid hormones have on cellular energy use.

Thyroid hormones raise metabolic rate across tissues. They act by increasing the transcription of genes involved in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism and by boosting mitochondrial activity and Na+/K+ ATPase function. This combination drives a higher rate of energy use at rest (basal metabolic rate), more heat production (thermogenesis), and greater overall energy expenditure. Clinically, when thyroid activity is high, you see signs of a faster metabolism, such as weight loss and heat intolerance, which fits the idea of increased BMR, heat production, and energy expenditure. The other patterns—decreased metabolism or only one component—inaccurately describe the broad stimulatory effect thyroid hormones have on cellular energy use.